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Covid-19 Stages
Covid-19 stages can be classified into 5 stages. These stages indicate the severity of the corona virus infection. It may vary from one person to another because every individual reacts differently and this depends on the patient’s immune system as well. Confirmed COVID-19 patients are categories from clinical-stage 1 to 5.
Stage 1 Covid-19
Stage 1 means that the patient is asymptomatic. In this stage, the patient did not show any signs and symptoms but he/she still carries the virus within them. This is considered dangerous as these people can infect others easily without realizing it. Therefore, they need to quarantine or isolate themselves from other people until the incubation period is over.
https://www.medpagetoday.com/infectiousdisease/covid19/87168
Stage 2 Covid-19
The incubation period for COVID-19 usually takes up to 14 days. Within this time frame, patients from stage 1 can move up to stage 2. In stage 2, the patient starts to show symptoms such as coughing, sneezing, fever, joint pain and many more. The symptom may vary for different individuals and in this stage, there is no pneumonia yet. Pneumonia is inflammation of the tissue in one or both lungs.
https://news.sanfordhealth.org/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19/faqs-coronavirus-symptoms/
Stage 3 Covid-19
When pneumonia starts to develop, the patient is considered a stage 3. In stage 3, the victim is symptomatic and pneumonia is present. Healthcare practitioners will give extra care to this patient. In stage 2 and stage 3, supportive and symptomatic therapy will be given. Healthcare practitioners will also monitor for any warning signs because from this point patient can move up to stage 4.
https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2021/01/why-covid-19-pneumonia-worse-than-typical-pneumonia/
Stage 4 Covid-19
When the patient reaches stage 4 of COVID-19 infection, the patient will experience difficulty in breathing and the patient will require supplemental oxygen to help them breathe. In order to help the patient in stage 4 to breathe easily, they required a nasal prong or face mask. In some, condition patients might need a high flow mask.
Stage 5 Covid-19
When the patient reaches stage 5, this means that he/she already reach the last stage of COVID-19 infection. In this stage, the patient is critically ill with multi-organ involvement. When a vital organ fails to function properly this may cause death. In this stage, healthcare practitioners will give Non-invasive ventilation (NIV), including HFNC and they might also include mechanical ventilation to help to save the patient.
Covid-19 Clinical Monitoring
Each stage will be given different clinical monitoring. For a patient that is asymptomatic, vital sign will be taken daily. Same treatment will be given for patients with symptomatic without pneumonia. If the patients start to develop pneumonia, doctors will monitor them as per earlier stage however, if there is a risk factor, vital signs will be monitored every 6-8 hours. Lastly, when the patient has pneumonia and require oxygen, the patient will be referred to ICU and doctors will monitor their vital sign every 4 hours.
Source : KKM, Annex 2e.
